Diabetes is a disease of affluence. As living standards improve, more and more people keep pets, and more and more people indulge in and feed them unscientifically. According to surveys, in recent years, the number of dogs and cats suffering from diabetes in pet hospitals has gradually increased.

What should you do if your dog has diabetes? Canine diabetes is an endocrine disease of dogs, clinically characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. Obese old dogs over 5 years old are prone to this disease (dogs aged 8 to 9 years old have the highest incidence), and the incidence rate in female dogs is 2 to 4 times that of male dogs.

1. Causes of canine diabetes:

1. The direct cause is: insufficient secretion of insulin in the endocrine secretion of the dog’s pancreas.

2. Liver disease prevents glycogen from accumulating.

3. The sugar center in the medulla oblongata is stimulated and blood sugar increases.

4. Diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland will increase blood sugar when their functions become hyperactive.

5. Sedatives, anesthetics, thiazides, phenytoin and other drugs affect the release of insulin.

2. Clinical symptoms of canine diabetes:

1. The main symptoms of dogs suffering from diabetes are irritability, thirst, polyuria, gluttony, weakness and weight loss;

2. When the condition of the sick dog is serious, the exhaled breath will smell like ketone. If it progresses further, stubborn vomiting and bloody diarrhea may occur, leading to acidosis and eventually diabetic coma;

3. Increased blood sugar, usually 75-120 mg/100 ml in dogs, but in this disease it increases to 150 mg/100 ml, sometimes even 400 mg/100 ml;

4. In the final stage, it may cause corneal ulcers, cataracts, vitreous opacity, omental detachment, blindness, skin ulcers, hair loss, heart failure, and even coma;

3. Prevention and treatment measures for canine diabetes:

1. The treatment principle of this disease is to lower the dog’s blood sugar and correct water, electrolysis and acid-base balance disorders.

2. Send the dog to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time, and take medicine on time according to the veterinarian's instructions for long-term treatment.

3. Feed therapy is the basic treatment method for canine diabetes. The principle is to give low-carb foods, such as meat, milk, etc.; supplement with sufficient amounts of B vitamins; feed regularly and quantitatively, in small amounts many times.

4. Those who urgently need to control hyperglycemia and correct metabolic disorders should use fast-acting insulin; while those with stable conditions generally use long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin.

5. Oral hypoglycemic drugs. Commonly used drugs include phenylcyclohexylurea acetate, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, and hypoglycemic agents. It is generally limited to sick dogs whose blood sugar does not exceed 200 mg per 100 ml and is not accompanied by ketonemia.

6. Insulin therapy, half an hour before morning feeding, subcutaneously inject intermediate-acting insulin 0.5 μg/kg body weight, once a day. For sick dogs with ketoacidosis, crystallized insulin or semi-slow insulin zinc suspension can be used, with low-dose continuous intravenous infusion or low-dose intramuscular injection. The intravenous injection dose is 0.1 micrograms/kg body weight, and the intramuscular injection dose is 0.1 μg/kg body weight. 1 microgram for more than 3 kilograms and 2 micrograms for less than 10 kilograms.

7. For fluid therapy, lactated Ringer's solution, 0.45% sodium chloride solution and 5% glucose solution can be used. The amount of intravenous fluid should generally not exceed 90 ml/kg of body weight. You can first inject 20-30 ml/kg of body weight, and then inject slowly. And timely supplement potassium salt.

4. Complications of diabetes:

A. Acute complications

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma. Severe cases of these complications can be fatal.

2. Various infections: such as purulent skin infections, fungal infections such as tinea pedis, vaginitis, urinary tract infections such as cystitis and pyelonephritis.

B. Chronic complications

1. Large blood vessel disease: The prevalence of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients is very high, the age of onset is younger, and the disease progresses quickly. Atherosclerosis of large and medium arteries mainly invades the aorta, coronary artery, cerebral artery, renal artery, Peripheral arteries of limbs, etc., causing coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, renal arteriosclerosis, and limb arteriosclerosis.

2. Microvascular disease: Mainly manifested as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy.

3. Neuropathy: Peripheral nerve involvement is the most common, usually symmetrical, and is more severe in the lower limbs than in the upper limbs. The disease progresses slowly, with abnormal sensation in the extremities first, such as numbness, pins and needles, burning or feeling like stepping on a cotton pad, and sometimes hyperalgesia. . Motor nerve involvement may occur in the later stages.

4. Other eye diseases: cataracts, glaucoma, maculopathy, refractive changes, etc.

5. Diabetic foot: It is caused by multiple factors such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, atherosclerosis of the lower limbs, insufficient blood supply, bacterial infection, etc., causing foot pain, deep skin ulcers, acral necrosis and other diseases.

5. Diabetes, what exactly should dogs eat:

Improve the dog's diet, eat more meat, and limit carbohydrate intake, such as 80% meat and 20% rice, and feed it 25 grams per kilogram of body weight three times a day. Drink water freely.

Nutrition expert advice:

The high protein content of canine diabetes prescription food and the addition of L-carnitine can prevent weight gain, which can cause insulin resistance; the effect of plantain seed viscose can increase the animal's satiety. Low-sugar cereals (barley, corn) combined with plantain gum can lower postprandial blood sugar levels. Royal Canin Diabetes Prescription Food DS30

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