Wrong injection time

Puppies mainly rely on maternal antibodies obtained in breast milk to resist virus invasion. Dogs that are weaned early may have been infected with the virus before their first immunization. If the level of maternal antibodies is too high, it will neutralize the effect of the vaccine and cause the vaccination to fail. Therefore, the time of the first immunization is very important.

Insufficient antibodies

Immunization is to allow the body to produce antibodies to resist the invasion of viruses. Only when the serum antibody titer is greater than 10 international units per milliliter can infectious diseases be prevented. Therefore, if the antibody is not produced or the titer is relatively low before all injections are completed, there is still the possibility of contracting the disease.

The virus or bacterial strain has mutated

If the virus or bacterial strain mutates, immunity will also fail. For example, canine parvovirus has undergone several genetic drifts, and a vaccine made with the original strain will not be protective.

Vaccine quality issues

Currently, virus vaccines commonly used in China are mainly divided into attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines. If attenuated vaccines are successfully vaccinated, they can produce strong and long-lasting immune effects. However, due to the toxicity Problems such as impure strains are prone to stability problems; inactivated vaccines are relatively safe, but are less effective and may require multiple injections to produce sufficient antibodies.

Vaccine transportation and storage issues

During the transportation and storage process, the low temperature of the vaccine cannot be guaranteed; after the vaccine is taken out, it is exposed to direct sunlight before immunization or is taken out for too long, resulting in reduced vaccine activity, various Problems can cause immune failure.

Improper use of vaccines

The vaccine is not released in a special diluent according to the instructions for use, or the vaccine is not used up within the specified time after dilution, resulting in a greatly reduced stability of the vaccine;

During the process of vaccine dilution or vaccination, too much disinfectant remains on the syringe, or the disinfectant comes into direct contact with the vaccine, causing the vaccine to become ineffective or less effective;

Vaccine injection personnel are unprofessional

Vaccine injection personnel are not professionally trained, are not skilled in injection operations, miss injections resulting in inaccurate immune doses, and do not inoculate according to vaccine regulations, etc., can cause Vaccination failed.

Poor status of immune targets

Young pets experience stress caused by transportation, bathing, environmental changes, etc., resulting in decreased immunity, malnutrition, failure to undergo internal and external deworming procedures, infection with viruses, or Being in the incubation period, encountering unscrupulous merchants and injecting serum in advance, etc. can all cause immune failure.