Warfarin poisoning (dicoumarol) poisoning: such as raticide, rat enemy.

Symptoms: Anticoagulant rodenticides are the most common and cause chronic poisoning. Bleeding is the biggest characteristic, but there is often an incubation period of 2 to 5 days before the symptoms appear. The main symptoms are extreme depression, elevated body temperature, loss of appetite, anemia, weakness, internal and external bleeding, and external bleeding including nosebleeds, vomiting, and hematuria. , bloody stool or black stool.
When internal bleeding occurs in the chest and abdomen, difficulty breathing occurs; when it occurs in the brain and spine, neurological symptoms occur; when it occurs in joints, claudication occurs. Intra-articular bleeding, subcutaneous and submucosal bleeding can also be seen. , subcutaneous bleeding can cause dermatitis and skin necrosis. In severe cases, bleeding from natural orifices such as the nostrils and rectum may occur. If the poisoning dose is large, typical bleeding symptoms and death may occur in the stomach. Chronic poisoning can manifest as anemia, edema, heart failure, and in the final stage, spasm and paralysis. Jaundice may occur when the disease lasts for a long time.

Treatment method: Early vomiting, acute poisoning, blood replenishment and vitamin K supplementation; for sub-acute poisoning, subcutaneous injection of vitamin K until the coagulation time is normal, oral vitamin K1, 15-30 mg twice daily for 4-6 days. If severe cases require transfusion of fresh whole blood 10-20 ml/kg of body weight, the first half should be fast and the second half should be 20 drops/minute. Warfarin and rodenticide poisoning sometimes takes a month and is treated with barbiturate sedation or light anesthesia. Note: In terms of insurance, vitamin K1 should be taken orally immediately after suspected poisoning.

Organophosphorus compound pesticide poisoning: such as trichlorfon, dimethoate, dichlorvos, trithion, malathion, etc.

Symptoms: At first, there is excitement and restlessness, muscle spasms, ranging from tremors to twitching. When the limbs are myoclonus, the sick dog steps frequently and swims when lying down. The pupils are constricted and may become linear in severe cases. Excessive salivation, tearing, abdominal pain, loud bowel sounds, constant diarrhea, and even fecal incontinence. In the later stages of severe illness, bowel sounds weaken or even disappear. Sweat dripping all over the body, especially around the chest, perineum and scrotum. The body temperature increased, breathing was obviously difficult, the heartbeat was rapid, the pulse was weak, the conjunctiva became cyanotic, and finally he died of suffocation. When the poisoning dose is relatively mild, bleeding may occur 12 to 24 hours later.

Treatment: Slow intravenous injection of atropine sulfate at a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. After an interval of 6 hours, atropine sulfate was injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. When the dog has dry mouth, dilated pupils, stable breathing, and rapid heartbeat, the medication can be stopped. For severe cases, it is best to use atropine in combination with pralidoxime iodide and pralidoxime chloride. Pralidoxime iodide (Pam) and pralidoxime chloride (pralidoxime chloride) are cholinesterase reactivators, but they have poor efficacy against the pesticide poisoning mentioned above and must be used together with atropine. The dosage of pralidoxime iodide is 20 mg each time/kg body weight, intravenous injection, repeated every 12 hours if necessary. The dosage of pralidoxime chloride is 20 mg/kg body weight each time. Bisphosphonate passes through the blood-brain barrier and acts similarly to atropine. The dosage is 15 to 30 mg/kg of body weight each time. However, some dogs are allergic to pralidoxime iodide and pralidoxime chloride, so attention should be paid. In addition, diphenhydramine can also be taken, 1 to 4 mg/kg, orally, 3 times a day, mainly for cases of muscle spasm and tremor.

Organofluoride poisoning

Symptoms: Dogs drink water contaminated with organofluoride or eat dogs poisoned by fluoroacetamide Rats, causing excitement in the central nervous system. Restlessness, vomiting, dyspnea, cardiac arrhythmia, increased bowel movements, crazy running, screaming, paroxysmal or tonic muscle spasms, foaming at the mouth, and finally coma and wheezing, and death from respiratory depression and convulsive heart failure.

Treatment: Acetamide (diflurin) can prolong the incubation period of poisoning and reduce the symptoms. Dosage: 0.1 mg/kg body weight each time. The initial dosage is half of the daily dosage, and the remaining half is divided into 4 parts and injected every 2 hours. The medication must be taken as early as possible and the dose must be sufficient. If used in conjunction with chlorpromazine and barbiturate sedatives, the excitability of the central nervous system can be reduced. It can be combined with inducing vomiting and gastric lavage to allow sick dogs to eat raw egg white to protect the mucosa of the digestive tract. Intravenous injection of 5 to 10 ml of calcium gluconate is also beneficial.

Antizotoxic rodenticide poisoning

Symptoms: Ingestion of this white, odorless crystalline powder can cause increased pulmonary capillary permeability. Large amounts of plasma enter the lung tissue, causing pulmonary edema. The sick dog vomited and foamed at the mouth, followed by diarrhea, coughing, difficulty breathing, depression, cyanosis of the mucous membrane, and frothy bloody mucus flowing from the nostrils. Because dogs with difficulty breathing often sit in a sitting position, have a weak pulse rate and low temperature, they may die from lack of oxygen after 12 hours.
This medicine has no specific antidote and can be used to induce vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis, fluid rehydration, and diuresis.

Poisoning by chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, such as diditidine, BHC, TDE, chlordan-endosulfan and other pesticides

Symptoms: Extreme excitement, restlessness Madness, tremors in the head and neck first, affecting the whole body, salivation, not eating or eating less, and diarrhea. The heavy mucosa is red, restless, occasionally spasmodic, with white foam at the corners of the mouth. The auditory and tactile manifestations of allergies, such as oral poisoning, may include vomiting, increased body temperature, random scratches on the limbs upon landing, and angular arch reflexes, which are different from other poisonings.

Treatment: Cleansing and gastric lavage can be used, followed by catharsis with salt laxatives. Hyperexcitability in dogs can be treated symptomatically by administering sedatives. Because the dog is dehydrated and not eating, intravenous fluids should be given. Those suffering from skin poisoning should apply a large amount of warm fertilizerWash the area with soapy water, and give activated carbon and artificial salt to those with oral poisoning. Do not induce vomiting! It may cause muscle spasm. To control excessive excitement, diazepam and pentobarbital are commonly used. However, if there is no convulsion, pentobarbital cannot be used and only diazepam can be used.

Zinc phosphide rodenticide poisoning, commonly used gray powder rodenticide

Symptoms: Symptoms usually appear within 15 minutes to 4 hours, causing abdominal pain, insomnia, Eating, vomiting, coma and drowsiness, suffocation, diarrhea, and blood in the stool. The vomitus contains black blood, phosphorescence can be seen in the dark, and has the smell of acetylene. Movement disorders, barking, increased body temperature and acidosis, and finally struggling in the limbs, hyperesthesia, until muscle spasms, leading to death due to lack of oxygen.

Treatment: 0.2%-0.5% copper sulfate solution, 10-30 ml, can cause vomiting. Gastric lavage can be performed with 0.02% potassium permanganate solution, and 15 grams of sodium sulfate can be added for defecation. Intravenous hypertonic glucose solution protects the liver. You can also use 5% sodium bicarbonate for early gastric lavage. Oral administration of 5% sodium bicarbonate can increase gastric pH and prevent the release of zinc phosphide. Fast for 24 hours to reduce gastric acid secretion.

Carbamate poisoning, such as feniocarb, methotrexate, carbaryl, carbofuran, synoxur, methoxur, etc.

Symptoms: Similar to organophosphorus poisoning, but shorter lasting

Treatment:Basically the same as organophosphorus treatment, atropine sulfate should be injected as soon as possible, and the drug can be repeated if necessary

Arsenic poisoning

Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain, muscle tremors, salivation, vomiting, staggering, diarrhea, thirst, hind limb paralysis, and oral mucosal swelling , the gums turn dark black, and in severe cases, the oral mucosa can ulcerate and fall off. Some dogs are in a state of excitement, twitching, sweating, having cold body extremities, and some muscles are paralyzed. Prolapse of the penis can be seen in male dogs.

Treatment: 1 to 2 ml of 10% dithiopropanol is commonly used, intramuscularly injected once every 1 to 2 hours, and used 3 to 4 times. 50 to 80 ml of 5% sodium thiosulfate solution can also be injected intravenously.

Food poisoning

Symptoms: Staphylococcus, salmonella, Clostridium botulinum and other bacteria in spoiled food cause severe vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and acute gastric Intestinal inflammation. Sick dogs suffer from depression, heart failure, and normal or slightly low body temperature. Severe poisoning can cause convulsions, irritability, difficulty breathing and violent convulsions.

Treatment: For those who are poisoned after eating rotten fish, the incubation period shall not exceed 2 hours.When the dog suddenly vomits, has diarrhea, difficulty breathing, excessive nasal discharge, dilated pupils, ataxia, possible coma, hindquarters paralysis, weakness, hematuria, and black feces, glucose, vitamin C, or oral administration of Bendrine can be administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Lamin, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of penicillin. For staphylococcal poisoning, the emetic apomorphine can be injected intravenously in the early stage at a dosage of 0.04 mg/kg body weight. Gastric lavage, fluid rehydration and symptomatic treatment if necessary. At the same time, perform hunger therapy and stop feeding. For poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin, antitoxin serum should be injected intravenously or intramuscularly immediately, gastric lavage with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution, laxatives or enema, intravenous infusion, and intramuscular injection of penicillin can be used.

Phenol poisoning, widely used in public health disinfection, common ones include carbolic acid, lysol, guaiacol, xylene

Symptoms: Damage to the nervous system, exposure to The skin is red and oozing. Causes listlessness, vomiting, tonic spasms, and paralysis.

Treatment: For skin poisoning due to contact with phenol preparations, wash the local skin with water, then rinse with 10% ethanol, and then wrap the affected area with an oil-soaked dressing. If poisoned by accidental ingestion of phenol preparations, gastric lavage, oral administration of milk, egg greens or activated charcoal, intravenous diuretics, and intramuscular injection of isoproterenol can be performed.

Strychnine poisoning, usually dyed red, purple, or green when used as rodenticide

Symptoms: Appears within 10 minutes to 1 hour of ingestion, The earliest symptoms include fear, hypersensitivity, muscle stiffness, abdominal and neck muscle stiffness. When the most obvious fear of light, sound, touch and other stimulating factors are present, there may be strong epileptic seizures, similar to tetanus, with no trauma to the body surface, and the degree of spasm of high-fiving the hands increases.

Treatment: When there is no spasm or hyperesthesia, vomiting can be induced, gastric lavage, sedatives can be used, tracheal intubation can be used to deliver oxygen, and artificial respiration can be implemented if necessary.

Cholecalciferol poisoning, granular poison bait

Symptoms: Symptoms appear within 24 hours after ingestion, including vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, polydipsia, and hypercalcemia.

Measures: After ingestion, vomiting should be induced as soon as possible and 1g/ml of activated carbon should be administered. Later, sodium sulfate should be used to treat hypercalcemia. The poison should be continued for 24, 48, and 96 hours after ingestion. Test blood calcium. Within a week after poisoning, avoid direct sunlight and feed low-calcium dog food.

Arsenic nitfenamide poisoning, trade name Rodenticide, is powder

Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle tremors, general weakness, and later diabetes and blindness. Coma and respiratory and cardiac failure occur within 12 to 24 hours.

Measures: Early induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, intramuscular injection of 500-1000 mg nicotinamide, then 200-300 mg intramuscular injection every 4 hours for the next 48 hours, oral nicotinamide 3 times a day within 2 weeks , 200 mg. After surviving, urine tests should be done frequently to detect diabetes as early as possible.