Basic knowledge of canine distemper

Canine distemper, commonly known as "canine distemper", is a highly contagious and fatal infectious disease in dogs caused by the canine distemper virus. The mortality rate of this type of disease is very high, generally reaching more than 50% in adult dogs, and even more than 80% in puppies after infection. This disease has a certain periodicity, often having a major epidemic every three years.

1. Canine distemper is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV). Canine distemper virus (CDV) has weak resistance to the external environment and is sensitive to high temperature and dryness. Drying and most disinfectants kill viruses and are also sensitive to UV rays. This virus is not contagious to humans.

2. Canine distemper occurs frequently in the cold seasons of winter, spring and autumn and winter. The main reason is that the canine distemper virus can survive for a long time in low temperature environments. For example, under conditions of 2-4 degrees Celsius, canine distemper The virus can survive and remain infectious for weeks and can be stored for years after freeze-drying. This is also the main reason why dog ​​plague occurs more frequently in the cold seasons of winter, spring and autumn and winter.

3. Disease transmission is most likely to occur in places where dogs gather, such as pet shops, dog farms, stray dog ​​shelters, etc.

4. Canine distemper can be infected by all ages, but most puppies within 2 months of age will not be infected because they receive maternal antibodies; dogs aged 4 to 12 months have the highest incidence rate, with a mortality rate of more than 50% ;The incidence rate gradually decreases over the age of 2 years. The symptoms of canine distemper vary in severity and are diverse.

Symptoms of dog distemper

1. Overall performance. The dog suffered from anorexia or wouldn't eat at all, mental collapse and bipolar fever. The body temperature first rises to 39-41 degrees for 1-3 days, then gradually drops to close to normal temperature, and then rises again after a few days. Severe cases may result in death.

2. Respiratory system type (pneumonia type). It manifests as rhinitis and conjunctivitis, with serous or mucopurulent discharge from the eyes and nose. If it causes ocular neuritis, it can lead to blindness. Viruses invade the lungs and cause interstitial pneumonia, and secondary bacterial infection can cause bronchopneumonia. Clinical manifestations include cough, dyspnea, and crepitus on auscultation.

3. Gastrointestinal type. Manifested by vomiting and diarrhea. The sick dog had severe diarrhea, occasionally passed bloody stools, and developed tenesmus.

4. Neurotype. Canine distemper virus can invade any part of the central nervous system. Clinically, neurological symptoms may appear simultaneously with other systemic symptoms or may appear subsequently. The main manifestations are general twitching, masticatory muscle spasm, turning in circles, and abnormal behavior. When the midbrain, cerebellum and vestibule are damaged, ataxia and abnormal posture are manifested. Spinal infection manifests as abnormal posture, abnormal spinal reflexes, paralysis, etc.

Canine Distemper Prevention

1. Early-onset canine distemper, high-dose canine distemper serum, canine distemper monoclonal antibody and canine gamma globulin. Canine distemper high anti-canine serum 5-10ml each time, 20-40ml each time for large dogs, intramuscular injection orIntravenous drip, once a day, 3-5 days each time; canine distemper monoclonal antibody 5-20ml, subcutaneous injection, once a day, 3 days each time; canine gamma globulin 2 ml each time, large D . 4-6 ml each time, twice a day for 3-5 days.

2. Use antiviral drugs. Polysarcoma 0.5-1 mg for small dogs, 1-2 mg for large dogs, intramuscular injection, once a day, for 3 to 5 consecutive days; Ribavirin can also be used, 50 mg for small dogs, 100 mg for large dogs, intramuscular injection, 2 times a day times, for 3 consecutive days.

3. Cardiotonic rehydration. For dogs with obvious symptoms of enteritis and severe vomiting, mixed intravenous infusion of Ringer's solution 30-50 mg/kg body weight, 10% calcium gluconate 2-5 ml, and vitamin B650-100 mg can be used.

4. Treatment of symptoms. If you have purulent rhinitis or severe nasal congestion, you can use ephedrine, dexamethasone, and kanamycin mixed nasal drops for intranasal drip; for dogs with dry cough or spasmodic cough, you can use antitussive, aminophylline, chlorpheniramine, Licorice tablets and other medicines can relieve cough and eliminate phlegm. Directory;

5. Supportive treatment. For dogs with a long course of disease and symptoms of weakness, 10 u/o glucose 30-50 mg/kg body weight can be intravenously supplemented, and at the same time, 500 mg vitamin C, 5-20 mg adenosine triphosphate, 15 mg cytochrome C5N, and 100-250 ml compound amino acids can be added , has a good effect on relieving the disease and improving the general condition.

Canine distemper is a very virulent virus. Even though some dogs have saved their lives through timely treatment, they may also suffer from the sequelae of canine distemper, such as limb paralysis.

Reference medication for canine distemper

l. Ampicillin, antibacterial. 20-30 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, 2-3 times a day; 10-20 mg/kg body weight.

2. Enrofloxacin, antibacterial, 2.5-5 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, twice a day.

3. Ciprofloxacin, antibacterial, 5-10 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, twice a day.

4. Qingkailing oral liquid, to clear away heat and detoxify, 0.2-0.4 ml/kg, 2 times a day.

5. Metoclopramide, antiemetic, 0.2-0.5 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, 3-4 times a day.

6. Aminophylline, tracheodilator, body weight 10-15 mg/kg, oral, 2-3 times a day: Cough Biqing, expectoration, 25 mg/time, oral, 2-3 times a day.

7. Dexamethasone, anti-inflammatory, 05 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, 2 times per Hi.

8. Chlorpromazine, sedative, 3 mg/kg body weight, taken orally, twice a day.

9. Phenytoin, for grand mal epilepsy, 100-200 mg/time, taken orally, 1-2 times a day.

Notes:

1. Regular vaccination is the most important preventive measure against canine plague. Canine distemper vaccine can be used for three immunizations at 50 days, 80 days, and 110 days of age, and then boosted once a year. Canine triple vaccine, quintuple vaccine, six-combination vaccine and seven-combination vaccine can also be used, all of which should be used according to the instructions.

2. Sick dogs should rest in a quiet and suitable environment, and often wipe the corners of their eyes and nasal secretions with warm water.