Symptoms of rotavirus infection

Puppies often suffer from severe diarrhea, with drainage-like to mucus-like feces, which can last for 8 to 10 days. However, there were no major changes in appetite and body temperature. Usually based on the above changes, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. The diagnosis is confirmed by electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also a commonly used diagnostic method.

Rotavirus infection transmission route

It is mainly an intestinal infectious disease in puppies. Diarrhea is its main characteristic, and infection in adult dogs generally takes a latent course. Rotavirus exists in the intestinal tract of sick dogs and is excreted with feces, contaminating the surrounding environment. The digestive tract is the main route of infection for this disease. Rehabilitated animals can still shed toxins in their feces, but how long it takes is unclear. Rotavirus has a certain degree of cross-infectivity between humans and animals. Therefore, as long as the virus persists in humans or an animal, it may cause the disease to spread in nature for a long time.

Rotavirus epidemic characteristics

Dogs of all ages may be infected, but adult dogs are usually latent and have no obvious symptoms. This disease mostly occurs in the cold season. Poor sanitary conditions often induce disease.

How to treat rotavirus

First, the sick dog should be immediately isolated to a clean, dry, and warm place, stop feeding, and use glucose glycine solution (45 grams of glucose, 8.5 grams of calcium chloride, 6 grams of glycine, 0.5 grams of citric acid, 0.13 grams of potassium citrate, 4.3 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 200 ml of water) or glucose amino acid solution are given to sick dogs to drink freely. Glucose saline and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution can also be injected to prevent dehydration and desalination.

Second, it is necessary to ensure that the puppies can consume sufficient colostrum to obtain immune protection. Subcutaneous injection of adult dog serum can also be tried. There is no vaccine available yet.

2. Large powdery virus becomes Rotavirus infection

It is mainly an intestinal infectious disease in puppies. Diarrhea is its main characteristic, and infection in adult dogs generally takes a latent course. Rotavirus exists in the intestinal tract of sick dogs and is excreted with feces, contaminating the surrounding environment. The digestive tract is the main route of infection for this disease. Rehabilitated animals can still shed toxins in their feces, but how long it takes is unclear. Rotavirus has a certain degree of cross-infectivity between humans and animals. Therefore, as long as the virus persists in humans or an animal, it may cause the disease to spread in nature for a long time.

[Diagnosis Points]

(1) Popular characteristics

Dogs of all ages can be infected, but it is usually latent in adult dogs with no obvious symptoms. This disease mostly occurs in the cold season. Poor sanitary conditions often induce disease.

(2)Clinical characteristics

Puppies often suffer from severe diarrhea, with drainage-like to mucus-like feces, which can last for 8 to 10 days. However, there were no major changes in appetite and body temperature. Usually based on the above changes, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. The diagnosis is confirmed by electron microscopy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is also a commonly used diagnostic method.

Pomeranian

【Prevention and Control Measures】

First, the sick dog should be immediately isolated to a clean, dry, and warm place, stop feeding, and switch to glucose glycine solution (45 grams of glucose, 8.5 grams of calcium chloride, 6 grams of glycine, 0.5 grams of citric acid, lemon juice) 0.13 g of potassium acid, 4.3 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 200 ml of water) or glucose amino acid solution should be given to sick dogs to drink freely. Glucose saline and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution can also be injected to prevent dehydration and desalination.

Second, it is necessary to ensure that the puppies can consume sufficient colostrum to obtain immune protection. Subcutaneous injection of adult dog serum can also be tried. There is no vaccine available yet.

Pomeranian

3. Leptospirosis

This is a zoonotic disease. Dogs are also susceptible to this disease. It happens all over the world. The causative agent is Leptospira spp. Due to different types of infecting bacteria, the clinical characteristics are also different: some symptoms are obvious, and the sick dogs have high fever, mucosal bleeding, jaundice, ulcers or necrosis, and hemoglobinuria; some cases show a latent process and lack obvious clinical symptoms.

There are no fewer than dozens of types of Leptospira. my country has isolated 8 types from dogs. The canine type is the most common, followed by the jaundice-hemorrhagic type and the Pomona type. Almost all warm-blooded animals can be infected and can persist in infected animals for a long time and become the main reservoir host. For example, after rodents are infected, most of them are healthy carriers. They carry the bacteria for a long time and can excrete the bacteria through urine, becoming an important source of infection. Among domestic animals, pigs and dogs are also important sources of infection.

Animals carrying bacteria can excrete bacteria in their urine, contaminating water sources and soil. When dogs come into contact with these bacteria-contaminated water, soil or urine, they can become infected through damaged skin, mucous membranes and digestive tracts. The possibility of infection through sexual intercourse is very high, because male dogs have the habit of sniffing and licking their own or female dogs' genitals with their nose and tongue.

Pomeranian

[Diagnosis Points]

(1) Popular characteristics

The occurrence of the disease is often closely related to contact with the urine of sick dogs or infected rats.Generally, male dogs are more susceptible to the disease, and young dogs are more susceptible to the disease than older dogs, often sporadic.

(2)Clinical characteristics

The clinical manifestations of sick dogs have the following characteristics: First, sick dogs caused by jaundice-type Leptospira hemorrhage start with high fever, and then drop to normal temperature or below the next day. Soon, jaundice developed in the conjunctiva and oral mucosa. Sick dogs suffer from physical weakness, loss of appetite, vomiting, depression, and weakness in limbs (especially hind limbs). The urine output is reduced and is yellow-red, sometimes mixed with blood in the stool. Secondly, the symptoms of jaundice caused by Leptospira canis are not obvious. It usually manifests as vomiting, bloody stools, abdominal pain, bad breath, mucosal ulcers, tongue necrosis and ulcers. The lumbar vertebrae are sensitive to pressure, causing polyuria. The urine contains a large amount of protein and bilirubin. Most sick dogs die of uremia.

(3) Necropsy characteristics

Usually characterized by jaundice, bleeding of various organs, and necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa, increased ascites, often mixed with blood, small bleeding spots on the intestinal mucosa, enlarged liver, and gallbladder filled with bile with blood. Based on the above characteristics, a preliminary diagnosis can be made. Confirmation depends on pathogenic testing and serological testing.

Pomeranian

【Prevention and Control Measures】

First, prevent dogs from coming into contact with bacteria-carrying animals (especially pigs and rodents) and water and feed contaminated by their urine. Polluted environments can be disinfected with 2% to 5% bleach solution, 2% sodium hydroxide, or 3% Lysol.

Second, repel and eliminate rats.

Third, it is strictly prohibited to feed sick meat and raw meat and products of infected animals.

Fourth, larger dog groups should be quarantined once a year. If sick dogs and suspected infected dogs are found, they should be isolated in time. Penicillin and streptomycin have good curative effect on this disease, especially when applied in the early stage, the effect is better. However, treatment must be continued for 3 to 5 days to eliminate Juntospira in the kidneys.

Fifth, take drug prevention. At present, there is no monovalent Juntospira vaccine for dogs in my country, but there is a six-combination vaccine combined with other vaccines in China, which can be used to vaccinate dogs, but the vaccine must include the main local prevalent bacterial types. If the vaccine is sterile, drug prevention can be used during the epidemic period, that is, adding oxytetracycline (0.75 to 0.5 grams of oxytetracycline per kilogram of feed) or tetracycline (1 to 1.5 mg/kg of body weight) in the feed. , feeding for 7 days can control the infection in dogs. Sixth, those who raise sick dogs should no longer have contact with healthy dogs.

Pomeranian

4. Brucellosis

This disease is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella bacteria. After dogs are infected, most of them show latent infection and lack obvious clinical symptoms. Brucella has strong resistance and can survive in soil, water, and milk for a long time. It can be killed by heating at 100°C for a few minutes. Resistance to disinfectants is also weak% Lysol, 2% formalin, 5% lime emulsion, etc. can kill the bacteria within a few minutes. Brucella mainly exists in the reproductive organs of pregnant female animals, and is excreted with the fetus, fetal fluid, vaginal secretions and milk after delivery or abortion. There are also a large number of pathogenic bacteria in the semen of sick male animals, which can often be transmitted during breeding. .

Therefore, sick animals are the source of infection of this disease. Brucella is highly contagious and can invade the body not only through damaged skin and mucous membranes, but also through normal skin and mucous membranes. There are also many routes of infection. In addition to skin and mucous membrane infections, it can also be infected through the digestive tract, reproductive tract, and respiratory tract, so it brings greater difficulties to epidemic prevention. In addition to dogs, cattle, sheep, pigs and humans can all be infected with brucellosis. In particular, brucellosis in cattle and sheep is often the main source of infection in dogs and other animals.

Pomeranian

[Diagnosis Points]

(1) Popular characteristics

The occurrence of brucellosis in dogs is usually related to contact with sick cattle, sick sheep, and sick dogs. The spread of the disease is closely related to mating, eating bacteria-contaminated food or contact with aborted fetuses, placenta and vaginal secretions, so it mostly occurs in shepherd dogs.

(2)Clinical characteristics

Pregnant female dogs usually have miscarriage without any prodromal symptoms in the late pregnancy, and miscarriage and systemic lymphadenopathy can also occur in the early pregnancy.

Bitches discharge secretions from the vagina for a long time after miscarriage. Most of the aborted fetuses are stillborn, but some are still alive, but they often die within hours or days. Pneumonia, endocarditis and hepatitis can be seen in infected fetuses.

Male dogs often suffer from epididymitis, orchiitis, testicular atrophy, prostatitis and scrotal dermatitis. Dogs suffering from epididymitis often become restless and lick the scrotal skin, leading to severe ulcers. However, most sick dogs lack obvious clinical symptoms, especially young dogs and non-pregnant dogs.

Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose based solely on clinical symptoms and must rely on isolation of pathogenic bacteria and serological testing. Aborted fetuses, blood, urine, vaginal secretions, semen and breast milk can be submitted for examination.

Pomeranian

【Prevention and Control Measures】

First, strengthen the quarantine of dogs, especially in epidemic areas, and blood should be collected twice a year for serum agglutination tests.

Second, for dogs with miscarriage, the aborted fetus, placenta, serum and other disease materials should be sent for examination, and bacterial isolation and culture and serum agglutination test should be carried out to find out the cause of the miscarriage.

Third, cured dogs can no longer be kept for breeding purposes. In order to prevent infection of humans and other dogs, sick dogs should be eliminated.

Fourth, kennels, stadiums, and feeding and management equipment contaminated by sick dogs can be completely disinfected with 10% lime milk, 2% to 5% bleach solution or hot alkaline water. Properly disinfect or bury the aborted fetus, afterbirth, amniotic fluid, etc. Should strengthen thepeople

Fifth, while doing a good job in the prevention and treatment of canine brucellosis (breeders and owners), quarantine and epidemic prevention of brucellosis should be carried out.

[Editor’s Comment]

There are many taboos when vaccinating Pomeranians. If the owner ignores some conditions that make the dog unsuitable for vaccination at that time and rashly vaccinate, or vaccinates with poor quality, expired, or improperly stored vaccines, or even worse, encounter medical ethics and technical problems. A low-quality hospital will definitely have bad consequences. But this does not mean that all dogs will get sick after being vaccinated, nor does it mean that the vaccine should not be given. The purpose of vaccines is prevention, not treatment. If the puppy has been infected with the virus, or has poor physical fitness and nutrition, vaccination will harm it. It should be treated symptomatically, adjust the body, and adapt to the environment, and then be immunized when it is very healthy. Hua Gai)