How rabies is transmitted

1. Infection caused by bites or scratches on the skin or licking of mucosa by dogs or other animals. Rabies virus invades nerves through wounds and mucous membranes and causes disease. This is the main mode of infection.

2. Infection occurs when the hand is accidentally stabbed during slaughtering or skinning. According to statistics, among the 86 cases of rabies, 78 were bitten and 8 were infected by skinning and stabbing hands of slaughtered dogs.

3. Digestive tract infection. Animals that died of rabies were buried underground, frozen in winter, taken away by wild dogs or other animals, eaten for meat, and infected with rabies.

Symptoms of rabies

1. Human rabies

Clinical manifestations can be divided into four stages.

(1) Incubation period (average about 1 to 3 months), during which the infected person does not have any symptoms.

(2) Prodromal stage: The infected person begins to experience symptoms such as general malaise, fever, fatigue, restlessness, pain at the bite site, and abnormal sensation.

(3) During the excitement phase, various symptoms of the patient reach their peak, including mental stress, general spasms, hallucinations, delirium, fear of light, sound, water, and wind. Therefore, rabies is also called hydrophobia, and patients often suffocate to death due to spasms in the throat.

(4) Coma Stage If the patient can survive the excitement period and is lucky enough to survive, he will enter the coma stage. The patient in this stage is deeply comatose, but the various symptoms of rabies are no longer obvious. The vast majority of patients who enter this stage will The patient eventually died of exhaustion.

2. Canine violent symptoms are divided into three stages, prodromal stage, excitement stage and paralysis stage

(1) Sick dogs lack characteristic symptoms during the 1-2 day driving period (depressive period) and are easily ignored. The main manifestations are mild abnormalities, such as sensitive temperament, abnormal behavior, easily irritated, disobedient, itchy bites, and frequent tongue licking.

(2) In the violent stage, the sick dog is highly excited and attacks people and animals. Violence and depression often appear alternately. When tired, he will lie down and stand still, but soon stand up again, showing a special squint and panic expression. When he is stimulated by the outside again, a new attack may occur. They attack wildly, biting their limbs, tails, and genitals. Sick dogs wander wildly, and most of them never return, biting people and animals all around. As the disease progresses, symptoms include impaired consciousness, disordered reflexes, weight loss, hoarseness, tail clamping, sunken eyeballs, dilated or reduced pupils, and salivation.

(3) During the 1 to 2 days of the paralysis period, the sick dog has drooping jaw, tongue protruding out of the mouth, significant salivation, paralysis of the hindquarters and limbs, lying on the ground, and finally death due to paralysis or failure of the respiratory center. The entire course of the disease lasts 1 to 10 days. .

Rabies vaccination matters

The vaccination targets can be divided into two types: one is post-bite prevention, and the other is non-bite prevention.

Rabies vaccine prevents post-bite (exposure). any contact freakSuspected exposure to canine viruses, such as bites from animals (including seemingly healthy animals), scratches (even minor scratches), or licks of skin or mucous membranes by animals, must be vaccinated.

No bite (pre-exposure) prevention. Workers in epidemic areas who are at high risk of being bitten or exposed to the virus, such as veterinarians in epidemic areas, animal husbandry and management personnel, animal husbandry personnel, slaughter personnel, rabies virus experimenters, vaccine manufacturers, medical staff of rabies patients, caves Staff, as well as those who have frequent contact with other mammals, children in severely affected areas, postmen, and tourists visiting affected areas should all be vaccinated against rabies.

The preventive effect of the vaccine is mainly measured by the level of neutralizing antibodies and the protection rate. For the first immunization, neutralizing antibodies appear 7 to 10 days after vaccination, and the protective level can be reached after 5 injections of immunization (requirement ≧0.5IU/ml).

Rabies vaccine levels are maintained for at least one year. If re-exposure occurs during the immunization process, the entire immunization process should be completed according to the original procedure without increasing the dose; the re-exposed person does not need to be immunized again within six months after the completion of the entire immunization process; the re-exposed person does not need to be immunized again during the immunization process. Immunize. NS should receive one dose of vaccine on day 0 and day 3 respectively six months to one year after the entire immunization process; re-contacts should receive one dose of vaccine on day 0, day 3 and day 7 within 1-3 years; One dose of vaccine is given throughout the immunization cycle.