How to inject rabies vaccine

The vaccination targets can be divided into two types: one is post-bite prevention, and the other is non-bite prevention.

⑴ Post-bite (post-exposure) prevention. Any suspected exposure to rabies virus, such as being bitten or scratched (even a minor scratch) by an animal (including a seemingly healthy animal), or having the skin or mucous membranes licked by an animal, must be vaccinated.

⑵No bite (pre-exposure) prevention. Workers in epidemic areas who are at high risk of being bitten or exposed to the virus, such as veterinarians in epidemic areas, animal husbandry and management personnel, animal husbandry personnel, slaughter personnel, rabies virus experimenters, vaccine manufacturers, medical staff of rabies patients, caves Staff, as well as those who have frequent contact with other mammals, children in severely affected areas, postmen, and tourists visiting affected areas should all be vaccinated against rabies.

Neutralizing antibody levels and protection rate are the main indicators of vaccine preventive effect. Neutralizing antibodies appear 7-10 days after the first immunization and reach protective levels after 5 injections (required (>0.5iu/ml). Generally speaking, antibodies in the body after rabies vaccination.

Rabies vaccine lasts for at least 1 year. If re-exposure occurs during the vaccination process, continue to complete the full course of vaccination according to the original procedure without increasing the dose; those who are re-exposed within six months after the full course of immunization generally do not need to be re-immunized; those who are re-exposed within half a year to one year after the full course of immunization , one dose of vaccine should be received on days 0 and 3; those who are exposed again within 1-3 years should receive one dose of vaccine on days 0, 3, and 7; those who have been exposed for more than 3 years should be fully vaccinated.

How rabies is transmitted

1. Infection caused by bites or scratches on the skin or licking of mucosa by dogs or other animals. Rabies virus invades nerves through wounds and mucous membranes and causes disease. This is the main mode of infection.

2. Infection occurs when the hand is accidentally stabbed during slaughtering or skinning. According to statistics, among the 86 cases of rabies, 78 were bitten and 8 were infected by skinning and stabbing hands of slaughtered dogs.

3. Digestive tract infection. Animals that died of rabies were buried underground, frozen in winter, taken away by wild dogs or other animals, eaten for meat, and infected with rabies.

How to deal with bites and scratches from suspicious animals

① Treat the wound correctly.

The correct treatment of wounds is the key to preventing the disease, the sooner the better. It is best to get help from a doctor, but you can also deal with it yourself. The method is to squeeze the wound to bleed, rinse the wound repeatedly with strong soapy water, then rinse it with plenty of water, dry it and then cauterize the wound with 5% iodine. Remove or kill rabies virus contaminating the wound.

For deep wounds, use a syringe to insert into the deep part of the wound to inject and clean it thoroughly. Then disinfect with 75% ethanol, and then apply concentrated iodine tincture. The sooner the local wound is treated, the better, even if it is delayed by 1 to 2 days or even 3 to 4 daysLocal treatment should not be ignored. If the wound has scabs at this time, the scabs should be removed and treated as above.

The wound should not be bandaged or sutured. Open wounds should be exposed as much as possible. If a wound must be dressed and sutured (if it invades a major blood vessel), ensure that the wound is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and use antirabies serum as described above.

② Inject rabies vaccine as soon as possible. After being bitten by an animal, you should inject rabies vaccine as soon as possible. The sooner, the better. The best time for the initial vaccination is within 48 hours of being bitten. The specific injection time is: one dose (2 ml) of vaccine is injected intramuscularly on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30 respectively. "0" refers to the day when the first dose is injected (and so on for others). If the vaccine cannot be injected in time due to many factors, the rabies vaccine should be used based on the principle of "early injection is better than late injection, and late injection is better than no injection".

③ Those bitten by animals suspected of being infected with rabies virus should also be vaccinated. Animals can infect each other with rabies virus due to fighting and biting, and humans can also be infected with rabies after being bitten. Therefore, for the sake of safety, anyone bitten by a dog or other animal must be treated as a rabies bite and the rabies vaccine must be injected promptly.

Note: During the vaccination period, be careful not to drink strong tea, coffee, and eat spicy foods such as peppers, onions, and garlic. At the same time, you should prevent colds, strenuous exercise, or excessive fatigue to prevent colds.