Clinical symptoms of nutritional anemia in dogs

Suffering dogs are lethargic, with a curled-up abdomen and fatigue easily; the coat is rough and matte, the skin and visible mucous membranes gradually become pale, and the ear shells appear off-white when exposed to light; and there is loss of appetite. , digestive disorders, increasing weight loss, accompanied by vomiting, glossitis, accelerated heartbeat, shallow and rapid breathing, and sometimes heterophilia; sick dogs develop slowly, have stunted growth and development, and are in a weak state for a long time.

Neopsy changes in fatal cases

The blood vessels are light in color, there is less blood, and the internal organs are pale in color; there are punctate hemorrhages in the mucosa and serosa; degeneration of solid organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys.

Diagnosis based on

A pathological diagnosis can be made based on clinical manifestations, combined with medical history, morphological changes in peripheral blood and changes in bone marrow images.

Treatment measures for canine nutritional anemia

1. Anemia caused by lack of protein, vitamins and trace elements. First of all, the dog’s food structure should be improved to supplement the lost substances. Protein-rich foods such as lean meat, liver, kidney, eggs, and milk should supplement protein deficiency; vitamin B deficiency should be treated by intramuscular injection of vitamin B complex or oral administration of vitamin B complex; trace element deficiency can be mixed with ferrous sulfate, cobalt chloride, etc. Take water orally. E, copper sulfate.

2. Anemia caused by chronic gastroenteritis or chronic indigestion. Food intake should be restricted, and digestive drugs such as lactase, enzyme, probiotics, etc. should be given to improve the absorption function and liquid and easily digestible food should be given after the condition improves.

3. For anemia caused by parasites, deworming measures should be taken proactively. Dogs should be dewormed every six months. According to the fecal examination, it is determined which parasitic disease the sick dog suffers from, and then targeted deworming drugs are given. If the condition is serious, combined medication can be considered; if the dog suffers from scabies, shear it. After removing the hair around the affected area, wash it with dimethylamidine diluent to remove the scab and dirt, then use ivermectin or avermectin for subcutaneous injection, and then treat it once every seven days, with 4 times as a course of treatment.

Summary and discussion

1. Protein is the main component of hemoglobin. Iron is the main raw material of hemoglobin in the human body. In the synthesis of hemoglobin, it not only combines with protoporphyrin to form hemoglobin, but also acts as a coenzyme. When iron is deficient, not only the synthesis of hemoglobin is reduced, but also the activity of various iron-containing enzymes is reduced, which in turn affects the electron transport system and causes SHR to occur in intracellular synthesis dysfunction of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. Ink staining and internal abnormalities of mature red blood cells. Copper is a component of many copper-containing enzymes, such as tyrosinase, monoamine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and cytochrome oxidase. Involved in the synthesis of cytochromes, ascorbate oxidase and galactosidase. Also involved in hematopoiesis and protein cross-linking. It has a wide range of biological effects. Therefore, when protein, iron and copper are deficient, hypochromic anemia can be caused; cobalt is a component of B12, which can accelerate the mobilization of iron stores in the body and make it easier to enter the bone marrow. The production of vB12 and vB11 with nucleic acidsMaterial synthesis is closely related, and nucleic acids and proteins are the material basis for cell growth and reproduction, and can promote the maturation of red blood cells. Therefore, when vb12, folic acid and other deficiencies occur, they will hinder the maturation process of red blood cells in the bone marrow, preventing the original red blood cells from developing into normal young red blood cells, causing megaloblastic anemia. In addition, vb1, vb2 and vb6 participate in complex physiological and biochemical reactions of the human body. Long-term deficiency of VB1, VB2 and VB6 can also lead to anorexia, weight loss and anemia.

2. Protein is the most important nutrient in the animal body. Protein in puppy food should account for 35% to 40%, a developing dog should account for at least 10%, and adult dogs should account for 6%. If the food contains 25% to 30% protein, the dog will grow strong and strong. Vitamins are essential nutrients for all animals. VC and VK can be synthesized in the dog's body. During the growth and development stage of puppies, the demand for B vitamins should increase; minerals are also important for the growth, development and health of puppies.

3. There are many types of protein-containing foods. The ideal ones are all kinds of raw meat, half-cooked meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc. Some plant-based feeds such as soybeans, peanuts, etc. contain high protein, but have few types of amino acids and are not easy to digest and absorb. B vitamins are mostly found in yeast, lean meat, animal offal, eggs, fish, milk and green vegetables. Trace elements such as iron and copper also come from animal foods, nuts, cereals, beans, dark green vegetables, etc. Therefore, animal food and green vegetables have become our best choices to supplement protein, trace elements, and vitamins for puppies. Of course, we can also directly purchase full-price dog food, because full-price dog food basically contains all the nutrients dogs need. element.

4. The occurrence of nutritional anemia in puppies is mainly caused by the lack of protein, trace elements and vitamins in the body caused by simple diet, improper rationing, digestive disorders and intestinal parasites. The most difficult period to feed puppies is one month after weaning. A balanced diet is very important for your puppy's health. During this period, meeting the nutritional needs of puppies is the key to raising a good pet dog.