The role of dog biochemical examination

Biochemical examination is a very important diagnostic method and can provide important information on pet health. Blood chemistry tests can assess the function of internal organs, measure electrolyte levels such as potassium, and determine the levels of circulating enzymes in the body. Reading biochemical test reports is not easy, but you can learn a lot of information. Generally speaking, a complete set of blood biochemical tests contains twelve items of data. These data reflect the true condition of the dog's body from various aspects such as liver and kidneys, and play an important guiding role in the diagnosis of pet doctors.

1ALKP liver-alkaline phosphatase (reference standard value: 23 - 212U/L)

It is widely distributed in various organs, among which the liver is the most Animal liver function (biliary system) index.

Elevated ALKP indicates bile duct obstruction, Cushing's syndrome, liver disease, certain cancers, and may also be caused by certain medications such as steroids or phenobarbital. Too low could indicate hunger or malnutrition.

ALT liver-alanine aminotransferase (reference standard value: 10 - 100U/L)

Diagnostic index of liver disease in dogs and cats. ALT will increase significantly when the liver is damaged or has liver disease. Low values ​​indicate hunger or Malnutrition.

AST liver-aspartate aminotransferase (reference standard value: 10 - 50U/L)

AST and ALT are both enzymes in liver cells. When liver cells are damaged by factors such as inflammation, AST and ALT in the blood will increase. Other diseases such as destruction of red blood cells, damage to heart cells, and injury to muscle cells will also increase AST, but ALT will not be affected, so using ALT to judge liver disease is more accurate.

BUN kidney - blood urea nitrogen (reference standard value: 0.7- 27.0mg/dL)

It is the final product of protein metabolism, produced by the liver and eliminated by the kidneys, and is one of the kidney indices. Elevated BUN is generally caused by liver disease, dehydration, high-protein diet, or urinary tract obstruction; hunger and malnutrition can cause BUN to be lower than normal.

CREA/CRSC kidney-creatinine (reference standard value: 0.50- 1.80mg/dL)

The metabolic end product of creatine phosphate is eliminated by the kidneys. It is very important for the contractile function of muscles. Kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction, and urinary tract infection will cause an increase in creatinine levels.

PHOS kidney-phosphorus (reference standard value: 2.5-5.9mg/dL)

It is a kidney disease (especiallyIt is an indicator of end-stage renal disease).

ALB liver and kidney-albumin (reference standard value: 2.8- 4.0g/dL)

Is the main protein of the body. It carries many different substances into the blood circulation. Its main function is to maintain colloid osmotic pressure in plasma. Liver disease, kidney disease, dehydration, gastrointestinal disease, or parasites (such as hookworms) can cause albumin abnormalities.

CHOL liver and kidney - cholesterol (reference standard value: 100-265mg/dL)

Cholesterol is an indispensable and important substance for animal tissue cells. It not only participates in the formation of cell membranes, but also synthesizes bile acids. Raw material for vitamin D and steroid hormones. Unlike in humans, high cholesterol rarely causes cardiovascular disease in dogs, but hypothyroidism often causes elevated cholesterol, which can also indicate liver disease, kidney disease, pancreatitis, diabetes, malnutrition, pancreatitis and enteritis. Absorption disorders caused by certain acute and chronic hepatitis, and chronic inflammation can also cause a decrease in cholesterol levels.

TBIL Hepatobiliary - Total bilirubin (reference standard value: 0.1-0.7mg/dL)

Bile pigment produced by the decomposition of red blood cells in the body is used to evaluate anemia and diseases of the bile duct system. Elevated bilirubin is usually caused by jaundice, but may also be caused by bile duct obstruction, gallbladder obstruction, liver disease, and premature destruction of red blood cells.

AMYL pancreatic-pancreatic amylase (reference standard value: 300 - 2000U/L)

Indicator of pancreatic disease; usually measured together with LIPA (lipase); to evaluate pancreatic disease Condition. It may also rise in kidney disease.

GLU systemic - blood sugar (reference standard value: 77.0-125.0mg/dL)

Blood glucose concentration, if the animal is in poor physical condition and has multiple diseases (such as diabetes), This will make this value abnormal. Causes of increase: diabetes, stress (cats), pancreatitis, Cushing's disease and medications (cortisosteriod). Causes of decrease: liver failure, leiomyoma or infection.
TP systemic - total protein (reference standard value: 5.20-8.20g/dL): It is the most important substance that makes up all the organs and tissues of the body. This indicator indicates the protein content in the animal's body. It is harmful to liver and kidney damage and multiple diseases. Myeloma, etc. have certain diagnostic and differential diagnosis significance. Dehydration, liver and kidney disease, or gastrointestinal disorders can cause it to rise or fall.

1CA systemic - calcium ion (reference standard value: 8.8-11.2mg/dL)

Various diseases, such as improper lactation, nutritional disorders, tumors, kidney failure, and bone diseases, can cause abnormal calcium ion values.