Inhalation treatment equipment

Treatment of cat cough and asthma diseases, application of inhalation treatment and drug selection! Specific diseases have specific treatment methods. Although injection and infusion are common treatments, they are not suitable. For all diseases, some drugs are not effective when directly injected or taken orally. Especially for respiratory diseases, inhaled treatment is often an effective method. Inhalation therapy is to disperse drugs or water through an inhalation device into mist or particles suspended in gas, and deposit them in the respiratory tract and/or lungs through inhalation, thereby achieving local treatment of the respiratory tract. Because atomized inhalation has the advantages of fast drug onset, small dosage, high local drug concentration and few systemic adverse reactions, atomized inhalation has become an important auxiliary treatment measure in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

1. Advantages of inhalation therapy

Atomized inhalation therapy can humidify the air and inhale the medicinal liquid into the respiratory tract to moisten the respiratory mucosa, reduce inflammation and eliminate inflammation. Therapeutic purposes include phlegm, antispasmodic, and asthma relief. Compared with the oral method, it has the advantages of small dosage, quick effect, few side effects and convenient use, and has significant curative effect. The local drug concentration in the respiratory tract is high, which can avoid or reduce the systemic use of hormones. The sick cat only needs to passively cooperate with the owner's restraint. It can ensure the effectiveness of the drug, so it has become an ideal route of drug administration in today's veterinary clinical practice. Currently, ultrasonic nebulizers are widely used in cats, which use ultrasonic sound energy to turn medicinal liquid into fine aerosols, which are inhaled through the respiratory tract to achieve therapeutic purposes.

Administration through aerosol inhalation can relieve bronchospasm, thin sputum, and prevent and treat respiratory tract infections. In many respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma, etc., atomized inhalation can be used to treat it.

2. Indications

1. Cough and asthma diseases

Cough and asthma in cats are mainly seen in upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. Respiratory tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections are mainly infections of the nasopharynx, and lower respiratory tract infections include some inflammation of the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

From the perspective of the causes of inflammatory infections, they mainly include bacteria, viruses, molds, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc. Therefore, the principles for treating this type of cough and asthma are antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, swelling, phlegm, and cough and asthma relief. , anti-virus, etc. For cough and asthma caused by bacterial infection, gentamicin 10,000 IU, budesonide 1 mg, α-chymotrypsin 0.1 mg, and 1% phlegm Yijing 0.5 mg can be used (note that α-chymotrypsin and phlegm Yijing are two The drug mist entering the bronchus can stimulate bronchospasm as a foreign body, so it is best to use a bronchodilator first or use it at the same time with a bronchodilator). Add distilled water to 5ML and inhale once, twice a day. If there is viral infection, 20 mg of ribavirin can be added. In addition, there are some coughs and asthma caused by allergies, which are often treated clinically with aerosolized glucocorticoids and other drugs. Simple phlegm and cough reliefYou can also use 0.3 mg of 10% Tan Yi Jing and 20 ML of 2% sodium bicarbonate, inhaled once, twice a day. There are also veterinarians who have achieved good results in the treatment of acute cough and asthma in dogs and cats caused by viral upper respiratory tract infections, based on the oral symptomatic treatment of a compound solution of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, combined with aerosol inhalation of budesonide and ribavirin. Effect.

2. Diabetes

No breakthrough has been made in the treatment of diabetes so far. Dietary control, oral hypoglycemic drugs and exogenous insulin supplementation are still the main clinical measures. The traditional way of supplementing exogenous insulin is subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, but long-term injection administration brings a lot of inconvenience to sick dogs and cats. Taking into account the good permeability of the alveolar walls, clinical trials have proven that insulin aerosol can effectively reduce fasting and postprandial blood sugar without obvious toxic reactions and does not affect respiratory function. Insulin aerosol is expected to become an alternative to subcutaneous injection of insulin. alternative method.

3. Other applicable drugs

1. Anticholinergic drugs

The commonly used drugs are ipratropium bromide, The aqueous solution concentration is 0.025%. , add an equal amount of normal saline for atomization inhalation, or directly inhale the solution. 10% to 30% of the inhaled dose is deposited in the lungs, with little absorption by the gastrointestinal mucosa and high selectivity for respiratory smooth muscles. It takes effect 10 to 30 minutes after inhalation, reaches its peak in 1 to 2 hours, and lasts for 6 to 8 hours after one inhalation. It is mainly used for the treatment of acute exacerbations of COPD and bronchial asthma.

2. β2 receptor agonist

The commonly used drug in clinical practice is salbutamol. The concentration of its aqueous solution is 0.05%. After atomization, it forms aerosol particles with a diameter of 2~4 μm. After inhalation administration, 10%~20% can reach the lower respiratory tract. The conventional dosage is 2 ml of drug plus an equal amount of normal saline for aerosol inhalation. It takes effect 5 minutes after inhalation, reaches the peak in 15 minutes, and the effect can last 4 to 6 hours. It is mainly used for cats with severe bronchial asthma attacks and COPD with obvious bronchospasm. Because these drugs also have partial agonistic effects on beta receptors in the heart and skeletal muscles.

3. Combined medication

In order to enhance the effect of aerosol inhalation or shorten the time of aerosol inhalation, doctors will mix multiple drug solutions or suspensions and let the patient take them at the same time. Inhaled. For example, the combined use of anticholinergic drugs and β2 receptor agonists has a synergistic effect, has a stronger bronchial dilation effect, has the characteristics of rapid onset and long-lasting effect. Clinically, 2 ml of each of the above two drugs can be used for aerosol inhalation. However, when mixing liquids for inhalation, you must pay attention to the physical and chemical properties of various drugs and their compatibility, whether there are any incompatibility, etc.

Generally speaking, ipratropium bromide, albuterol, ambroxol, and tobramycin are compatible. Budesonide is compatible with terbutaline, albuterol, sodium cromoglycate, ipratropium bromide, fenoterol, and acetylcysteine, but it is not recommended to use ipratropium bromide in combination with sodium cromoglycate, because when the two are mixed, they can form an oily, amorphous complex and cause precipitation. Tobramycin is incompatible with budesonide and cromolyn sodium.