1. Food for pet dogs:

The best food for dogs is dog food. If you cannot give it dog food and eat home-made food, you should pay attention to the combination to ensure a balanced nutrition. Animal offal (note: do not feed pig liver for a long time, it will be poisonous), meat, corn meal, fish (note: the hard bones of the fish may get stuck, it is best to pick them off), carrots, etc., can all be dog food. Cook them almost without salt and then feed them. In addition, when feeding puppies dog food, mix it with a little warm water.

Number of feedings:

Birth - 12 weeks: 4 - 5 times/day; 12 weeks - 4 months: feed 3 - 4 times/day; 4 months - one year old: feed 2 times/day; after one year old: feed once /day

If you are feeding puppies, please also note: puppies have poor ability to control hunger. Feed according to the feeding amount on the dog food instructions to prevent gastrointestinal diseases caused by overeating.

2. Nutritional elements of pet dogs

Dogs are omnivorous animals. They want to eat everything humans eat, but their nature is still more carnivorous. Therefore, it is more ideal to feed more foods containing animal protein, especially for puppies in the proper development stage, which require about 8-9 grams of protein per kilogram per day.

There are many ways to consume animal protein, such as beef, fish, chicken, eggs, beef liver or chicken liver, milk, etc., all of which contain this ingredient. But generally speaking, fish is the richest source of protein, so puppies should be fed as much as possible.

The nutrient second only to protein is fat. Puppies need twice as much as adult dogs. Meat and dairy products are still indispensable sources of fat for the growth of puppies. However, it is safer to pay attention to boiled fish.

Vitamins are important factors that affect a dog’s physical strength and metabolism. Healthy dogs can synthesize vitamin C in their bodies, but other foods containing vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, D, etc. need to be supplemented by the owner. Therefore, when arranging three meals for the dog, this type of food should be included in the menu. Mix beef liver, chicken liver, eggs, dairy products, etc. into its food. The problem is that the dog may not like to eat these foods, so initially you should mix some of the foods it usually likes to eat and let the dog eat it. In this way, it will not cause deviation in nutrition or vitamin deficiency.

3. Reasonable nutritional ratio of pet dog food

Puppies: Meat 35% Cereals 33%

Adult dogs: meat 28% grains 40%

Fruits and vegetables 30% Additives 2% Additives 2% Fruits and vegetables 30%

IV. Foods that should not be fed to pet dogs

When dogs see family members nibbling on big fish, meat and delicious snacks at the dinner table, they will also be eager to eat. However, in order to consider their health, dogs should refuse begging for all food except dinner. The followingFood should be stored well:

1. Fish and milk just taken out of the freezer (easy to cause diarrhea)

　2. Squid, octopus, shellfish, shrimp, crab and other seafood (not easy to digest)

3. Chicken bones and fish bones are sharp and hard and can easily hurt the mouth and digestive organs, so they should not be fed. (Sometimes it can cause intestinal bleeding)

4. Desserts and preserves (can become the main cause of tooth decay and obesity)

5. Pungent spices such as ginger, curry powder, and chili are too irritating to the stomach

6. Foods with high salt content.

7. Foods that are not easy to digest, such as mushrooms and freshly ground food, may cause diarrhea or vomiting.

8. Onions contain toxicity that dissolves red blood cells and can easily cause poisoning symptoms such as hematuria or anemia after ingestion.

9. Chocolate may also produce toxic substances that can cause urinary incontinence, convulsions, epilepsy, and other symptoms.

10. Some dogs will cause diarrhea when they drink milk. In such cases, you can feed the dog yogurt.

11. Puppies should not feed ham, sausage, fish shreds and other foods containing preservatives, pigments, etc.

5. Notes on raising new dogs:

1. It is best for newly purchased puppies to be injected with serum or immunoglobulin immediately to strengthen their system.

2. Do not bathe the dog immediately. The dog should be bathed after the dog has adapted to the new environment in a few days and has normal eating and excretion.

3. After arriving home, the dog’s food intake should be controlled, feed it lower than the normal food intake, and slowly increase to the normal food intake within a few days.

4. If there is anything suspicious about the newly purchased puppy, please call the doctor immediately. If necessary, take the dog to the animal hospital for medical treatment as soon as possible to avoid irreparable consequences.

6. Immunization of pet dogs

Vaccinating dogs is the best way to prevent dogs and owners from malignant diseases such as rabies. Dog deworming is also very important for the healthy growth of dogs. If the dog eats and excretes normally a few days after buying it, it should be vaccinated and dewormed as soon as possible. Intervene and tutoring vaccines are recommended.

1) Overview of all types of domestic vaccines

At present, domestic vaccines commonly used in small animal clinical practice are divided into two categories: domestically produced and imported vaccines. Among domestic vaccines, only a few brands of vaccines are regular products that have been tested and approved by the relevant veterinary and veterinary drug departments. Among them, the "Best" canine pentavalent vaccine developed by researchers Xia Xianzhu of the Military Supplies University and others has received better feedback from users. Domestic dog vaccines include seven-combination vaccine, five-combination vaccine and single vaccine.

The quality of dog vaccines imported from abroad is better than that of domestically produced vaccines. Among them, the Dutch Intervet vaccine, the American Ford vaccine, and the American Pfizer vaccine are of relatively good quality and have good clinical results.

Imported epidemicThe main vaccines are six-part vaccine and rabies vaccine. It mainly prevents canine distemper, canine parvovirus, leptospirosis, infectious hepatitis, bronchitis, parainfluenza, rabies, etc.

From many years of clinical observation in small animals, in terms of the protective power of dogs after vaccine injection, the clinical effect of the imported canine six-combination vaccine is better than that of the domestic five-combination vaccine.

The protective power of the domestically produced five-unit vaccine against canine parvovirus disease is no less than that of imported products, but the imported six-unit vaccine is more effective against canine distemper virus than the imported six-unit vaccine.

Our country’s regulations on dog breeding require that dogs should be vaccinated against rabies. Vaccination against rabies is beneficial to both the dog and the health of the people who keep the dogs. It is worth noting that it is best to choose a single vaccine for rabies vaccination to ensure clinical effect.

Puppies can be vaccinated after they are 50 days old. If you choose to import the six-in-one vaccine, you can inject it 3 times in a row, with an interval of 4 weeks or 1 month between each time; if the puppy has reached 3 months old (including adult dogs), you can inoculate it 2 times in a row, with an interval of 4 weeks or 1 month between each time. 1 month; thereafter, the imported six-link vaccine will be vaccinated once a year.

If you choose the domestically produced pentavalent vaccine, the vaccine should be injected three times continuously from the date of weaning (puppies are weaned on average 45 days), with an interval of 2 weeks each time; thereafter, the domestically produced pentavalent vaccine should be vaccinated once every six months.

Dogs over 3 months old should be vaccinated against rabies once a year.

　2) Things you should pay attention to before vaccinating puppies

Puppies that have reached vaccination age must undergo a physical examination before being vaccinated, because only healthy puppies can receive vaccinations.

Physical health refers to a non-disease state, the puppy’s nose is moist and cool, and the body temperature, breathing and heart function are normal. Clinically, symptoms such as elevated body temperature, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhea, pus, urine, dry nose, thick foot pads, etc. should not occur; otherwise, in an unhealthy state, the puppies may be in the incubation period of infectious diseases, and vaccination will Cause disease.

When puppies are in new environments, such as riding in a car (especially in summer) or coming to a veterinary hospital with a complex smell, their body temperature will rise slightly due to stress. Under normal circumstances, the body temperature of puppies is about 38.5°C. Before coming to the animal hospital for vaccination, measure the dog's temperature at home and clamp the thermometer on the inside of the leg for 5 minutes. You can know the true value of the puppy's body temperature and prevent sitting. After the car arrived at the animal hospital, the veterinarian did not agree to vaccinate her because her body temperature exceeded 39.0°C.

Some experienced dog owners, because they have experienced puppies dying from infectious diseases, after purchasing puppies, first inject the puppies with canine five-part serum or canine two-part serum (canine distemper + canine parvovirus). Antibodies) or canine distemper serum or canine parvovirus monoclonal antibodies. It is advisable to vaccinate puppies 3 weeks later. However, it should be noted that after injecting serum (antibodies), there should be an interval of about 20 days before vaccination ( antigen). Otherwise, the interval is too short, which will cause antigen (vaccine) and antibody (serum) reactions, making the vaccine ineffective..

　3) The reaction of dogs after vaccination

Under normal circumstances, dogs will not experience major physical changes after vaccination. Some dogs may have temporary reluctance to move and poor appetite on the second day after vaccination, but they will return to normal soon. If the dog develops a rash or even becomes weak within 10 to 20 minutes after being vaccinated, it is an allergic reaction and a veterinarian should be consulted for immediate rescue.

Adverse reactions rarely occur when using the imported canine six-combination vaccine clinically. For safety reasons, 10 minutes after the puppy is vaccinated, the owner should stay in the animal hospital to observe the puppy's reaction, and then leave the animal hospital only if there is no abnormality.

Dog owners are reminded not to put their dogs on the ground when going to the animal hospital to vaccinate their puppies. It is best for the owner to hold the puppy or place it on a sterilized diagnostic table for physical examination to prevent contact infection.

If an infectious disease occurs about 7 days after the dog is vaccinated, it may be that the puppy was already in the incubation period of the infectious disease at the time of vaccination, or was infected with the disease during this period, and should receive corresponding treatment immediately.

Within 1 week after the puppy is vaccinated, do not bathe the puppy to prevent respiratory diseases and lead to immune failure.

5. Deworming

Including both internal and external deworming. The deworming drugs with good reputation on the market include Duchongwan (in vivo), Fulien (in vitro), etc. Of course, the price of these two drugs is relatively high, with a unit price of 50. It’s about 100 yuan, so I recommend you to use basic drugs to deworm your dog.

There are all kinds of in vitro insecticides sold in pet hospitals, but most doctors will recommend you drugs that are not cheap, usually 30 to 50 yuan, and the quantity is small.

Once you find lice, fleas and other bugs on your dog, you must take immediate measures. It is recommended that you use "lebicide", dilute it and give the dog a medicated bath, and wash it again every 5 days. The purpose is to kill Use sulfur soap as a detergent for dead insect eggs and new lice, because sulfur soap can also kill fleas and lice.

Attention to details:

1. Soak the dog’s body with the diluted solution and keep it for a period of time before applying sulfur soap. Then keep it for a period of time and then rinse to ensure that the lice are poisoned.

2. Dry the dog immediately after the medicated bath and do not let the dog lick its fur.

3. Wear as little clothes as possible when bathing your dog, because lice can get stuck on people’s clothes.

There is no drug that can eliminate parasites on dogs at once. You must be patient and pay attention to your own protection. The environment at home should be sprayed with diluted drugs, especially the dog’s den and activity venue. .

The drug I recommend to you, "Zi Ling", is cheap, 5 yuan/box (5 sticks), and is a low-toxic product. My catThis is what I use to get rid of lice.

Puppies will have diarrhea when they are 2 to 3 months old, commonly known as "intestinal turning". This has nothing to do with the folklore of "eating salty", but endoparasitic enteritis. Usually caused by roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms, and also coccidia. Due to the thin intestinal cavity of puppies, parasites such as roundworms are relatively abundant. Large in size, it can cause diarrhea in puppies. Losing weight, even vomiting worms in severe cases. Eggs can be found in the feces. Some puppies may develop small intestinal intussusception or anal prolapse.

Using anthelmintics can drive away parasites in dogs. Commonly used albendazole and levamisole are taken orally, 1 tablet per 5 pounds, once a day for 3 days. They are effective against roundworms, pinworms and hookworms. Mebendazole is effective against roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, whipworms and nematodes. Compound mebendazole (quick-acting intestinal insecticide) is made from the compatibility of mebendazole and levamisole hydrochloride. Take 2 tablets immediately. However, some dogs have blood in their stools, and the reason is unclear. Praziquantel can treat tapeworm infection, 10 to 20 mg per kilogram of body weight can be taken orally once.

In addition: It is best not to take mebendazole or "two tablets" for pregnant dogs. If you want to expel internal parasites, you can also use Ivermectin. One subcutaneous injection is enough. The dosage should be as directed by your doctor. For anti-trichomoniasis, you can choose metronidazole. Sulfa drugs can only prevent coccidia infection, and amprolium hydrochloride can be used to treat coccidia.

Six. How to judge the health status of your pet dog

In the process of raising a dog, we must pay close attention to the dog's health condition, and seek medical treatment in time if the little one is feeling unwell.

1. Observe your pet’s diet. Usually sick animals will have a loss of appetite.

2. Pay attention to whether there is any abnormality in its excretion, including the frequency and quality of its excretion.

3. You can observe whether the pet's expression and behavior are as lively as usual.

4. Whether the pet’s skin and coat are hairy and whether there is any hair loss;

5. Pay attention to whether its breathing is smooth and whether it has difficulty breathing;

6. Check the pet’s temperature to see if it is normal

If you suspect that your pet is unwell, the most reliable way to confirm is to take it to the veterinarian for examination. If the pet is really sick, spend more time with it. The owner's care is definitely a boost for the sick pet to fight against the disease.

7. Pet dog hygiene

Dogs can only be bathed two months after they are born or if they are disease-free for ten days after purchase, and one week after they have been vaccinated. Because dogs have no sweat glands, they should be washed at most once a week in summer and once every 2 weeks in winter, preferably once a month. Do not use dish soap and ordinary shampoo when bathing your dog. Such detergents will destroy the PH value of the dog's skin and damage the dog's skin. In addition to being non-irritating to dogs, dog-specific shampoo also hasCertain sterilization and anti-parasitic functions. Note: Bathing too frequently or using inappropriate detergents can cause skin diseases in dogs. Blow dry immediately after bathing.

In addition to bathing, using a dog comb to comb your dog's hair regularly can also remove dust and dirt on the dog's fur, making the dog's coat more shiny. Dog kennels and sports grounds should be cleaned frequently and disinfected with pet-specific disinfectants.